关于贫困问题的社会保障学分析

贫困问题由来已久,它与社会保障的产生和发展有着十分密切的关系.运用社会保障学这一在经济学、政治学、社会学等多学科基础上发展起来的、独立的、交叉的、处于应用层次的社会科学来分析贫困问题,为理解"贫困"的概念与成因提供了一种新的视角,同时可以借助社会保障学来分析社会保障在缓解、预防贫困方面的重大作用以及社会保障与"贫困陷阱"的关系.通过对这些问题的理解与分析,有助于认识社会保障在应对贫困问题方面的积极作用及可能产生的消极作用,为我国最大程度地发挥社会保障的缓解及预防贫困的作用,同时避免"贫困陷阱"提供一些启示.     

植物功能基因组学手段

综述了近几年发展起来的几种植物功能基因组学手段，对这些方法的优缺点作了比较．并讨论了植物功能基因组学的发展前景。     

诱惑侦查获得证据证明能力之探讨

诱惑侦查是侦破犯罪、收集证据的行之有效的手段,但却面临着保障人权和打击犯罪的两难选择。为了最大限度地限制诱惑侦查的负面影响,有必要对诱惑侦查所取得证据证明能力进行规制。通过对诱惑侦查所获得证据采信规则的剖析,有必要对诱惑侦查获得证据的适法性要件进行考究,从而确立诱惑侦查所取得证据采信的合法性标准。     

Trying to stay ahead of the curve in Chile's economic development: exploring a way out of the middle‐income trap through pragmatic export development

Underneath impressive growth levels, the Chilean economy displays signs of being caught in a middle‐income trap. It has been unable to improve its productivity, increase the added value of its exports or upgrade its value chain. Its economy cannot compete either with low‐wage countries or highly productive, innovative countries. Its export strategy based on export promotion seems to have outlived its usefulness. It achieved remarkable quantitative success, but must now attend qualitative attributes. Instead of regarding market‐driven export promotion and state‐led export development as substitutes, this article proposes to view them as alternatives in different stages of development. To choose the appropriate time, more attention should be given to non‐traditional, structural indicators, like export sophistication and political‐institutional capabilities.     

Can the minimum living standard guarantee scheme enable the poor to escape the poverty trap in rural China?

The rural Minimum Living Standard Guarantee (Dibao) Scheme is the most important social assistance programme in rural China. However, how the rural Dibao programme affects household expenditures and whether it can enable the poor to escape the poverty trap are questions that remain largely unexplored. This study used data from the 2012 Rural Household Survey in China to investigate the impact of the rural Dibao programme on household expenditures. We found that the programme significantly improved the well‐being of low‐income households. Particularly, the programme significantly increased household expenditures on housing, education and health; furthermore, the impact was greater for households with educated household heads. However, the programme did not significantly affect household expenditures on food, transportation or farming inputs. The results imply that participation in the rural Dibao programme induces household investment in human capital, which could help to break the inter‐generational transmission of poverty and raise long‐run welfare.     

新常态下中国经济的矛盾与出路

在经历了长期高速增长后,中国经济步入新的发展阶段.目前,经济下行压力增大,传统制造业产能严重过剩,货币宽松产生的大量流动性不仅没有有效流入实体经济,反倒推高了先行经济领域价格.随着人均收入水平提高,消费结构升级,供给结构与需求结构的矛盾加剧,要求加快产业结构调整,而在调结构中,又面临着多重经济悖论并存的局面.与此同时,国际经贸规则正在深刻变迁;美国强力推行遏制中国的亚太战略,推动制造业回流,加速了全球价值链重构,使进入中国市场的部分外商投资撤离风险上升;日本实行的安倍经济学效果存疑,英国脱欧加剧了欧盟的不稳定性,使欧盟经济进一步雪上加霜,日欧经济颓势短期无法改变.内外部经济环境的变化给中国带来新的挑战和机遇.中国要实现经济转型升级,跨越中等收入陷阱,必须统筹国内经济政策,实行政策之间的联动,通过供给侧改革,提升全要素生产率,增加有效供给,助推经济结构调整,完善开放型经济体制.     

脱离“贫困陷阱”——以西南H村产业扶贫为例

扶贫背景下,深度贫困地区与其他地区相比,诸多限制性因素导致其自身无法实现跨越式发展,深度贫困群体脱贫存在对起始物质资产和人力资本交织的最低需要,即投入的“关键性门槛”.从长期来看,提高人力资本是脱贫并实现可持续发展的重要途径,在无法实现人力资本短期飞跃的现实情况下,则需要关注深度贫困地区外来物质资产的介入.西南M县H村展开的扶贫实践表明,用外来物质资产暂时替代人力资本,通过人工干预扶贫措施来实现村庄产业扶贫的成效显著,结果显示,H村的产业扶贫不仅带来了主营产业收入,同时也带来了明显的外溢收入,H村采用干预扶贫措施农户的收入显著高于未采用干预扶贫措施的农户.研究表明外部援助对于深度性贫困群体脱贫具有重要意义,同时也意识到摆脱深度贫困这一过程的复杂性,“输血”资源到“造血”功能的转化,需要重视人力资本的提升.     

A stochastic version of the malthusian trap model: Consequences for the empirical relationship between economic growth and population growth in LDC's

A stochastic version of the Malthusian trap model relating the growth rate of income per capita to the population growth rate of a given country is described. This model is applied to the a priori evaluation of the cross‐sectional correlation between these two growth rates under two additional assumptions: i) the relations in the model at national levels include country‐specific and time‐invariant random components, and ii) these growth rates are measured with a certain degree of temporal aggregation. It is shown that these two assumptions can explain near‐zero correlations between the two growth rates even if there exist a strongly negative effect of population growth on economic growth. However it is not clear whether these assumptions fully explain such insignificant correlations. Indeed, the implementation of the model is complicated by the structural shifts which are likely to occur in the equations over the course of the demographic transition.     

谈我国学术期刊的脱困

目前,学术期刊被称作“市场拒绝类期刊”,其处境艰难。文章分析了我国当今学术期刊所面临的问题,提出了学术期刊走出低谷的几点良策。     

非洲的环境危机和可持续发展

非洲确已出现严重的环境危机,但不同于工业化国家的环境公害,环境退化与贫困化、经济危机和社会政治不稳定共同作用、使非洲陷入以欠发展为特征的“发展陷阱”,只有实施以反贫困为突破口,把环境保护、经济发展、社会稳定和政治变革结合起来的可持续发展战略,非常才 能遏止边缘化的趋势。